My wife and I lived in Los Angeles in the 1970s and witnessed the rise of Self Help Graphics, an East L.A. His drawings of calacas and calaveras were popularized in the penny press and later incorporated into murals by acclaimed Mexican painter Diego Rivera. The great Mexican illustrator and lithographer Guadalupe Posada is credited with the popularization of imagery once employed by the Aztecs to convey deceased persons. Mexican art, which I began learning about in the early 1970s, provided me with the ideal visual interpretation of what Day of the Dead meant to the Aztec people. The SpanishĬonquistadors who arrived in the Aztec capital in 1519 found evidence of art and sculptures demonstrating that the Aztecs believed in the underworld and that ancestral gods ruled in that world. From my graduate anthropology courses at UCLA, I learned that Aztec art and artifacts suggested that their Nahualt-speaking ancestors may have practiced celebrations of the dead in the centuries before migrating to the interior of Mexico where they founded the Aztec capital. My personal introduction to Dia de Los Muertos occurred in the 1970s as I began to cultivate an interest in Mexican and Chicano art. suburbs - to appreciate the Indigenous worldview that accompanies the day.” That may explain my late appreciation of this colorful holiday. I think we were too assimilated - too citified in the L.A. In a recent essay on this topic, Martinez wrote: “Like many Mexican American families, we held on to some Mexican holiday traditions - tamales at Christmas, buñuelos at New Year’s…But Día de Muertos? Not in our house. ![]() As I wondered why this was the case, I found a good explanation in the words of Los Angeles Times writer Fidel Martinez. While my four grandparents were all born in Mexico, they did not bring the Dia de los Muertos tradition to Texas when they crossed the border. I grew up in San Antonio in an extended family that included 38 Romos in a two block section on the Westside of town. ![]() Music and candles also contribute to the awakening. On those celebratory days, the dead were thought to be awakened from their eternal sleep by the presence of family and friends, and the scent of food and flowers. The Aztec Queen’s visit was celebrated with ofrendas, dances, and preparation of special foods such as pan de muerto or atole. Annually Mictecacihuatl returned to grave sites to make certain that the bones of the deceased were protected. The Aztec Queen Mictecacihuatl ruled over the underworld and served as a protector of the dead. The two-day celebration of the lives of the deceased is believed to have Aztec origins dating back to the 14th century, perhaps even centuries before that. The Mexican holiday known as Dia de Los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, falls on November 1 and 2.
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![]() Its international standards in quality of living and education excellence are underpinned by strong economic growth. Change your world with Australia’s best hotel & hospitality business school in Australia for the quality of its student experience (QILT, SES, 2018, 19). This reflects the famous Swiss hotel school model of teaching and learning.Īustralia is one of the world?s most popular places to work and study. Change your world with Australia’s best hotel & hospitality business school in Australia. Over 23 years the Leura campus has developed hospitality degree courses where students live and study in a simulated hotel environment. The school was the first of its kind in Australia when it opened and has grown to be recognized as a leading provider of Hospitality Degree Courses. Surry Hills New South Wales 17-51 Foveaux Street The Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School has been providing hospitality education since 1991. Australia is renowned for its immense natural beauty, exciting cosmopolitan cities, diverse cultural activities and healthy outdoor lifestyle ![]() They bring extensive knowledge and insight to what is taught at the School and many are furthering their education at the highest levels.Īustralia is one of the world?s most popular places to work and study. The Blue Mountains faculty are experienced professionals in their fields and many have had successful careers in the hospitality industry. Graduates of BMIHMS at Torrens University will receive a university level education that is internationally recognized, plus a business education provided by caring, highly experienced hospitality professionals, all while enjoying the company of students from all over the world. Beside this, BMIHMS hold national accreditation in Australia as well as international certification with the World Tourism Organization and The International Centre of Excellence in Tourism & Hospitality Education. The institute offers students the opportunity to study undergraduate Bachelor of Business degree specializing in International Hotel and Resort Management and postgraduate Masters degrees specializing in International Hotel Management and an online MBA in International Hotel Leadership. Search the relevant cookery courses for you. With a growing culinary scene and great employment prospects, many international students opt to take commercial cookery and culinary arts in Australia. ![]() This reflects the famous Swiss hotel school model of teaching and learning. The mode of study at ICHM is 6 months study and 6 months work integrated learning in Australia or potentially overseas. The school was the first of its kind in Australia when it opened and has grown to be recognized as a leading provider of Hospitality Degree Courses. In 2014, the college received a grand prize during 2014 Masak in Malaysia, Makan in Australia Culinary. Check the popular programs of Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School along with course fees, ranking, acceptance rate, admission 2024 details and scholarships. The Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School has been providing hospitality education since 1991. ![]() Nipple gongs have a raised boss or nipple in the centre, often made of a different metal to the rest of the gong. Karlheinz Stockhausen used a 60" Paiste tam-tam in his Momente. Fine examples of its use are demonstrated in the symphonies of Dmitri Shostakovich and, to a lesser extent, Sergei Rachmaninov. Within a few decades the tam-tam became an important member of the percussion section of a modern symphony orchestra. Gustav Mahler was one of the first composers to use the tam-tam in his symphonic works. In this way, two officials meeting unexpectedly on the road would know before the meeting which of them should bow down before the other. Sometimes the number of strokes on the gong was used to indicate the seniority of the official. Traditionally, chau gongs were used to clear the way for important officials and processions, much like a police siren today. It dates from the early Western Han Dynasty. The earliest Chau gong is from a tomb discovered at the Guixian site in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. Chau gongs range in size from 7" to 80" in diameter. The centre spot and the rim of a chau gong are left coated on both sides with the black copper oxide that forms during the manufacture of the gong, the rest of the gong is polished to remove this coating. The main surface is slightly concave when viewed from the direction to which the rim is turned. On a 10" gong, for example, the rim extends about a half an inch perpendicular to the gong surface. It is almost flat except for the rim, which is turned up to make a shallow cylinder. The chau gong is made of copper-based alloy, bronze or brass. Sometimes a chau gong is referred to as a Chinese gong, but in fact it is only one of many types of suspended gongs that are associated with China. Large chau gongs, called tam-tams (not to be confused with tom-tom drums), have become part of the symphony orchestra. Bowl gongs are used in temple worship, especially in Vajrayana Buddhism.īy far the most familiar to most Westerners is the chau gong or bullseye gong. The rim may be rubbed with the finger, for example, or the gong may be struck with a beater. Bossed gong sets are tuned to various scales (pentatonic, 7 note, etc.) and are used as the melodic element in Gamelan music (Indonesia/Java), Kulintang (Philippines), or Piphat (Thailand).īowl gongs (also called cup gongs) are similar to Tibetan singing bowls and may be played in many different ways, not all of them strictly percussion. They are commonly played with padded mallets (although wooden sticks may be used) on the boss, producing a fundamental pitch with little overtones. There can be from 8-10 gongs in either one or two rows. Pot gongs are small (6"-13") heavy gongs with a raised center boss (also known as a cup, knob, or nipple) that are suspended on cords within a wooden stand or framework. These are used by various percussion ensembles, orchestras, and solo percussionists (Pierre Favre from Switzerland, Andrea Centazzo from Italy). Western bossed gongs are available in tuned chromatic sets ranging from one, to four and a half octaves. Contemporary & avant-garde music, where different sounds are sought, will often use friction mallets (producing squeals & harmonics), bass bows (producing long tones and high overtones), and various striking implements (wood/plastic/metal) to produce the desired tones. The smallest suspended gongs are played with bamboo sticks, or even western-style drumsticks. Keeping this priming stroke inaudible calls for a great deal of skill. Large flat gongs may be 'primed' by lightly hitting them before the main stroke, greatly enhancing the sound and causing the instrument "speak" sooner, with a shorter delay for the sound to "bloom". ![]() In Western symphonic music the flat faced gongs are generally referred to as tam-tams to distinguish them from their bossed counterparts, although the term "gong" is correct to use for either type. ![]() In general, the larger the gong, the larger and softer the beater. Suspended gongs are played with beaters and are of two main types: flat faced discs either with or without a turned edge, and gongs with a raised center boss. An agung, a type of Philippine hanging gong used as part of the Kulintang ensemble ![]() We used simple & reliable triple sec in these margaritas, but if you have a preferred Cointreau you’d like to use, feel free to swap it out! Craving something a little less sticky sweet? Try our skinny margarita, which swaps the orange liquor for OJ and agave. More of a mezcal lover? Feel free to swap it out for a smoky, earthy mezcal margarita. Unsure about what type of tequila to use? Blanco tequila is always a solid option, but a good reposado would also be an excellent choice (especially if you’re looking for a smooth, almost caramel-like flavor to turn into a Cadillac margarita). If you’re searching for the perfect tequila for your margarita, there’s no shortage of options. The key to making the best margarita is all in the ratio and balance of the ingredients. Now one of the most popular cocktails in the world, the margarita is thought to have started out as the variation on another prohibition-era drink called the "Daisy." Spanish for "daisy," the marg swapped in tequila for the requisite brandy and lime juice for lemon juice, and a classic was born. All you need are 3 ingredients and 5 minutes to make one for yourself-get those limes out, and let happy hour again! We’ve done our fair share of experimenting with this classic cocktail, but when we’re craving a simple, no frills, refreshing cocktail, this classic recipe is the one we turn to. If you don't mind carbs or sugar, use agave nectar or honey in your simple syrup.Here at Delish, we can’t get enough of margaritas. ![]() Double strain your drink into an ice filled glass to avoid any strawberry chunks in your drink.You could prepare these cocktails (in a larger batch) about 1 day in advance if you prefer.Blend this recipe with a chunk of jalapeño in the blender if you want, instead of using the cocktail shaker method. You would need to supplement with some kind of simple syrup with this method.You could potentially muddle a bit of fresh jalapeño in the bottom of the glass alongside the strawberries. You can use regular sugar free simple syrup in place of the jalapeño simple syrup if you prefer.Enjoy! Tips For The Best Jalapeño Strawberry Margarita: Garnish with jalapeño, a strawberry, cilantro and a lime wedge or wheel. Shake for 30 seconds and then double strain into an ice filled glass rimmed with lime salt. Pour in fresh lime juice and orange juice.Īdd in jalapeño simple syrup and tequila. ![]() We add a little bit of fresh lime zest for extra flavor. Prepare kosher salt on a plate to rim your glass. ![]() Kosher salt + lime zest - For the rim! We also add it to our drink for a bit of salt, and extra lime flavor.We go a little heavier with the tequila in this drink because again, we skip the triple sec. Tequila - Use your favorite variety here, and to taste.Not to mention this simple syrup is amazing, and adds the jalapeño flavor and slight spice in this cocktail! Since we skip triple sec in our margarita, we use a jalapeño sugar free simple syrup to sweeten this cocktail. Sugar free jalapeño simple syrup - Not a traditional ingredient in a regular margarita.We like that a lot better! Read more about the health benefits of fresh orange juice here. Compare that to fresh squeezed orange juice which has only 2.6 grams of sugar, and 3.25 grams of carbs per ounce. Triple sec is nearly 11 grams of sugar and 225 calories in a single ounce. Orange juice - We use freshly squeezed orange juice instead of triple sec in this recipe, so it's not a true margarita, we suppose.Lime juice - Fresh squeezed lime juice is essential!.Strawberries - We clean and halve the strawberries and then muddle them in the bottom of a cocktail shaker. ![]() Simply adjust the limits and click “Generate.” A random number is revealed (in the screenshot below, it’s 1513). ![]() Let’s say you have a population of 5,000 but only want to select a random sample of 100. This could be as simple as using a tool like the random number generator available on. To get around this, most researchers use computer-aided simple random sampling methods. When sample sizes and/or the participant population is very large, selecting a random sample is usually not feasible unless you’re prepared to spend a lot of time and money. Other times, researchers may use a random number table, which can be found in research books or online. This generally creates a sample that is representative of the larger group as a whole. Because employees who make up the subset of the larger group are chosen at random, each individual in the large population set has the same probability of being selected. They literally put 75 names in a hat and select 10 at random. When population size is small, researchers may use the “lottery method.” For example, a company with 75 employees may want to get the opinion of 10 employees. So, why is simple random sampling “simple”? Because there is no easier way to extract a research sample from a larger population! Plus, because the sample is selected at random, a lot of issues associated with survey bias are eliminated. Because the selection princess is random, the end sample is also more likely to be representative of the total population. This method uses random sampling to give everyone from the total population an equal chance of being selected. The simple random sampling technique (sometimes called a “method of chances”) involves selecting a smaller group of participants (the sample) from a larger group of participants (the population). So how does it work? In this blog, we look at the five-step process, various methods, and simple random sampling advantages and disadvantages.Ĭreate your FREE Simple Random Sampling Survey, Poll, or Questionnaire now! Simple Random Sampling Definition Need to survey a large group of people but don’t have the time or money to survey them all? Simple random sampling is a great option, and is one of the easiest ways to survey a smaller subset of a larger population. ![]() ![]() GenyMenu is completely free of cost and does not contain any annoying ads.It offers a simplified and easy working environment.It can easily support all new-age android games and applications and promises low latency and high streaming performance.With GenyMotion you can unleash the actual power of your device GPU.Use it to enjoy optimal and smooth functioning of both your mobile apps and games on your computer system. Next on our list of Bluestacks alternatives is this impressive piece of software. Enjoy playing your favorite mobile games on your desktop screen powered with stunning graphics and better controls.It is highly popular for its stable and optimized working.It is fully compatible with Kit Kat 4.4, JollyBean 4.2, and Lollipop 5.0.Memu Player can support both AMD and Intel CPUs.It can run your Android apps and games in a hassle-free environment.It comes with an incredible interface and its lightweight design does not hog on your computer resources. Memu Play is another Bluestacks alternative that you can pick to run Android applications on your PC. In terms of stability and smooth functioning Remix OS Player is one of the best Bluestacks alternatives that you can try.Button mapping, manual settings for location, battery, network type, and full Google Play support are a few of its most-loved features.It is based on Android 6.0 Marshmallow which backs its seamless functioning.The application works on a full-fledged OS replacement methodology to give you an Android experience on your desktop. Remix OS Player has everything to give tough competition to other alternatives to Bluestacks. LD Player is powered with incredible game-oriented features including custom controls, highFPS and graphics, Multi-Instance synchronization, and much more.It also comes with a preinstalled LD store from which you can pick your favorite game.It supports the Android Nougat version and Intel-based PCs.It is a powerful alternative to Bluestacks and promises flawless and stable working.Įven since its inception, its popularity has only grown which clearly defines its unbeatable performance and compatibility levels. LDPlayer is a relatively new Android player but promises an optimized gaming experience. Pick it today to enjoy smooth and stable work.Īlso Read: Best Nintendo DS Emulator for Windows and Mac All in all it is one of the best Android emulators that you can currently find in the market.The application is powered with a Material UI and is based on 5.1.1 Android Lollipop.It provides a relatively easy process of running your Android apps on your desktop with simple controls, just like a mouse.It offers simple controls and also features an intuitive keyboard which enables easy mapping of gaming and other controlling apps.The app comes with a simple interface with easy work.It comes loaded with a plethora of features and class-apart offerings and is capable of running your Android smartphone on your desktop. If you are in search of apps like Bluestacks then Nox can be a good choice. Use this one of the most incredible apps like Bluestacks to integrate your computer system with your Android device. It comes with an AWD Launcher mechanism which means that any application that you download on your smartphone will automatically get placed on the desktop screen.It is a free application and also comes in a Pro version with advanced features.The application can easily sync with your computer device and work as a touchscreen mobile controller.Full support for Playstation & Xbox, camera integration, easy mobile application synchronization and cloud save along with mic support are few of its popular features.It comes with a straightforward and systematic UI that promises a smooth working experience. Our first pick on the list of top Bluestacks alternatives is this feature-rich and powerful Android emulator. Andy – Top Rated Alternatives to Bluestacks Here is the list of top-rated alternatives to Bluestacks that can efficiently match the working of your current champion.Īlso See: Best Android Emulators For Windows 1. Conclusion: Best and Free Bluestacks Alternatives 12 Best Bluestacks Alternatives in 2023 ![]() Mergers and acquisitions to acquire new technologies, strengthen portfolios, and leverage capabilities to remain key strategies of top companies in the Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle industry over the outlook period.Organic, Vegan, bio-based, Canned/Ready-to-Eat (RTE), clean label, and sustainable are identified as the top-selling proportions owing to increasing health, ingredient and environmental consciousness, amid prevailing health emergency.Companies are increasingly implementing blockchain and other Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to effectively manage the procurement, processing, and distribution of Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle products.Orientation toward clean label and vegan products lead to burgeoning sales of plant-based snacks, spreads, dips, creamers, sauces, cheese, and other food and beverages.Increased spending on functional and Healthy foods that help boost the immune system.Overarching trends induced by the novel Corona and Omicron conditions include However, complying with stringent regulations and varying standards around the world, growing competition, inflation estimated to remain above the upper band during the short term in key nations, and fluctuating raw material prices are some of the Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle market restraints over the forecast period. Technological advances in the Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle market enabling efficient production, expanding product portfolio, sophisticated design and packaging, effective operational maintenance, and sales monitoring are key growth drivers. The report identifies the most profitable products of Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle market, dominant end uses and evolving distribution channel of the Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market in each region.įuture of Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market - Driving Factors and Hindering Challenges Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market Revenue is expected to grow at a healthy CAGR propelled by staggering demand from millennials and emerging markets. The research considered 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 as historical years, 2021 as the base year, and 2022 as the estimated year, with an outlook period from 2023 to 2029. This enables the client to identify the most potential segment from their growth rates along with corresponding drivers and restraints. Further, Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle market share by key metrics such as manufacturing methods/technology and raw material can be included as part of customization. ![]() The study provides a clear insight into market penetration by different types, applications, and sales channels of Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle with corresponding future potential, validated by real-time industry experts. Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market Segmentation and Growth Outlook The research report covers Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle industry statistics including current Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market size, Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market Share, and Growth Rates (CAGR) by segments and sub-segments at global, regional, and country levels, with an annual forecast till 2029. The economic and social impact of COVID is noted to be highly varying between different countries/markets and Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle market players are designing country-specific strategies. Robust changes brought in by the pandemic COVID-19 in the Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle supply chain and shifts in consumer behavior are necessitating the business players to be more vigilant and forward-looking to stay ahead in the competition. 2022 Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market Data, Growth Trends and Outlook to 2029 The Global Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market study is a comprehensive report with in-depth qualitative and quantitative research evaluating the current scenario and analyzing prospects in Raw Hides and Skins of Cattle Market over the next seven years, to 2029. ![]() ![]() I’ve seen portfolios that have fancy backgrounds, and that don’t look great. You can add short text to explain the project a bit, but avoid a huge block of text on your portfolio, especially when you create the print portfolio. Using white space is a way to make your work stand out. Your distinctive and memorable portfolio can make all the difference in getting hired. Graphic design is a competitive industry, especially with all the AI tools available today, showing your unique point of view through your design is more important than ever before. Creating original artwork demonstrates your ability to think outside the box and approach design challenges in innovative ways which helps you stand out from the crowd. Show your own ideas in your work instead of recreating something from others. For example, if you’re applying for a web designer position, including a great packaging design project isn’t going to help as much as if you add a good web design project. Remember, it’s better to include a few of your best works rather than a lot of your “normal” work.Ĭhoosing quality work also includes choosing the “right” work to show on your portfolio. Some people think the more work they show, the higher chance they get hired because recruiters might find what they’re looking for. Here are five things that can help you create a better portfolio. Your portfolio is a great way to showcase your creative skills and unique style, so if you want to find your ideal job, you must try your best to create one that best represents your work. Graphic Designer Portfolio for Experienced Designersĥ Things You Should Know When Making a Graphic Design Portfolio. ![]() Graphic Designer Portfolio for Students/Entry-Level Jobs. ![]()
The simple interface makes it easy to use You can easily trim and annotate recordings Share to Dropbox, Google Drive, and YouTube There’s a free version available that has a 5 minute recording time limit and watermarks on all videos, or you can upgrade to Pro, which lifts limits on video recording times.Īnnotate feature lets you add shapes, arrows, and text ![]() You can even record streaming videos and live webinars, record your screen with webcam overlay, or record your system audio and microphone. Icecream Screen Recorder is a free screen recording program that’s easy to use and lets you record any part of your screen or save it as a screenshot. Price: free version, the pro version costs $29.95Ĭapterra rating: 4.4 out of 5, 20 reviews Bandicam is ideal for professional or personal use and will best suit those looking for a screen recorder that can record anything, including external video devices – particularly gamers and teachers, or those on a budget. The price of the software increases the more PCs you want to use it onįor editing, you’ll need to purchase the Bandicut Package It allows you to record games with 4K UHD video You can record external video devices like a smartphone or webcam You can save your screen recordings in a variety of formats such as MP4 or AVI It has a high compression rate and keeps the video quality as close to the original as possible It’s affordable for use on a couple of PCs To learn more about Bandicam, check out our review of the program. It’s free to download and use the unregistered version of Bandicam, but the unregistered version does have a recording time limit of 10 minutes per file, and videos are watermarked. ![]() Notable features include scheduled recording and real-time drawing. It’s a lower resource option than some other video capture programs. Software Advice rating: 4.36 out of 5, 47 reviewsīandicam is a lightweight screen recorder for Windows that lets you record anything on your PC screen. Movavi Screen Recorder is ideal for teachers, students, gamers, remote workers, or anybody who wants to record video tutorials, online calls, and other screen activities.īest for: recording screen or external video It may take a little while to learn your way around the program It’s possible to capture your webcam output without recording the screen ![]() You can share your keyboard and mouse clicks with viewers Recording scheduling makes it easy to plan online tutorials or classes You can choose to record audio only or both screen and audio Plan automatic recordings – the screen capture will start and end at the scheduled timeĬhoose from the most popular output formats Make audio recordings – capture system sound, microphone, or bothĬreate engaging screencasts – add text and highlight objects Record your screen and overlay webcam video You can try Movavi Screen Recorder for free before you buy, and there’s an affordable one-time fee if you decide to purchase the software. As well as simple editing tools, it lets you draw on videos during the recording process and schedule recordings. It has a wealth of features to let you record only what you want, from your screen to your webcam output or audio only. ![]() Movavi Screen Recorder is software similar to OBS – it lets you record and share screen activities, online calls, video tutorials, and more. But without them a country has little or no competitive strength. Low unit labor costs and high productivity are not enough by themselves. Safeguarding this capacity in an increasingly competitive world-and regaining lost ground-will more and more be considered the job of big business. That the United States, like lesser powers, has to work at maintaining its capacity to compete in the world’s markets is the most important new fact in our economic situation. Occupational mobility must be restored, and yet be reconciled with growing public concern with job rights.Labor’s “fringe benefits” must increasingly be assessed against profits, not added to costs. “Wage increase-price increase” thinking at the bargaining table no longer suffices as the basis for labor-management settlements.The one-time “pattern-setting” industries-e.g., auto and steel-no longer suffice in today’s economy as determinants of the national wage structure.“Noninflationary” wage settlements-i.e., those which increase cost per hour as much as productivity per hour-can no longer be accepted as compatible with competition in a high-wage economy. ![]() In their place must be adopted new practices and new ideas, initiated by business but accepted by management, labor, and the public alike. The demands of today’s-and tomorrow’s-international competition require a casting-off of labor relations concepts shaped by yesterday’s conditions and hallowed largely by tradition. They are therefore likely to be test cases, having an impact far beyond their intrinsic significance to public attitude and public policy toward business and businessmen in the United States. The new demands, which I shall sketch in this article, are the first concrete manifestations of these expectations. This, rather than any sudden boost in public morality, explains the deep and lasting public concern with the General Electric-Westinghouse price-fixing affair. As a consequence, public sensitivity to any gap between actual and expected business behavior is heightened. When another automobile company president got the job a year ago, the only question was: “Is he a big enough man?”īecause public attitudes toward business and businessmen are fundamentally positive, public expectations with respect to big business and its leaders are rising sharply. These four basic demands may appear to businessmen as a new wave of “hostility to business.” Actually, they arise from an opposite attitude: acceptance of big business by the American public as the tool best suited for most of the economic jobs of our society and, parallel to that, acceptance of the big-business executive as a member of the nation’s leadership and a “professional manager.” Less than ten years ago, the appointment of one automobile company president as Secretary of Defense was considered a significant declaration of political principles. 1 For example, executive compensation plans need to be re-examined in light of the public’s expectations about these twin roles. (4) Finally, the public increasingly expects the big-business executive to develop a code of conduct which reconciles the demand that he be a businessman with the demand that he be a professional. Top managements that duck this issue may find themselves eventually saddled with restrictive regulation. ![]() (3) The manageability of the large business enterprise itself is coming to be looked upon as definitely “affected with the public interest,” rather than the “private affair” of the individual company, its managers, and its stockholders. For example, it is business, rather than government or “the economists,” that is expected to work out the basic concepts and policies for “semifree markets,” such as the defense business or the large-utility market. (2) Big business is increasingly supposed to be a policy innovator, in addition to its more traditional role of innovator in technology and in business practices (e.g., in the distribution system or in organization). Central here is the need to change deeply embedded-but outmoded-principles of American wage and job policy, with management viewed as the leader in bringing about these changes. (1) Big business is expected to maintain (and where necessary, restore) America’s ability to compete in the world market. These challenges are centered on the following areas: The response of business to the challenge of these demands will determine in large measure the continued public acceptance of American business as the core institution of economic progress and development. American big business and its executives face public demands for new actions, different policies, and changed attitudes in four areas rarely before considered business responsibilities. |
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